Counter Measures For Water Pollution

Here are some Methods To Prevent Water Pollution:::

    Water pollution prevention in India is the most important work for the environment which includes the support from both government and as well as form people also. For this water pollution control various rules and regulations under various acts are imposed on several sectors. Mostly this prevention of water pollution acts are imposed on the industrial sector than any other. As increasing pollution is becoming a serious problem these days, thus, water pollution prevention procedure is been working with its full efficiency.

Major part of the country is affected and working on water pollution prevention in India with these sorts of water and air pollutions just because of the industrial sector. This heavy industrialization with bigger area of working chemical factories directly dumps tons of waste chemicals and materials in seas and oceans against water pollution control which causes such problems. Things which are needed for water pollution prevention in India are sudden change and gradual action should be taken toward it. Bann on dumping of waste materials and hazardous chemicals can also act as a good water pollution control. It can be understood that dumping is not the way to get rid of the waste materials and also make hurdles in the path for prevention of water pollution. Primary education and awareness is also a good measure for water pollution prevention. There have been many programs started similarly to this water pollution prevention in India. Water pollution control can also be done by lowering the usage of chemicals and fertilizers. Personal precautions like driving lesser vehicles can also prove to be a good prevention of water pollution. Above all, a better water pollution prevention needs a higher level of interest which must be given upon it.

Apart form above water pollution prevention steps, installation of filtration system is also a good step. It is the most effective and working prevention of water pollution. At homes clearing up drains also acts as water pollution control. Water conservation is also a step for water pollution prevention in India. Education and identification for such problems also helps in prevention of water pollution. Hence, it can be noticed that, a small effort from cleaning the waste before throwing in to garbage or drains can also contribute a lot in water pollution prevention.

      Water pollution is one of the serious concerns for each and every country around the world. Thus, for this purpose there are numerous of laws and regulations for water pollution solutions are been imposed everywhere. But, then also drawbacks are faced by these solutions to water pollution. Reason behind the drawbacks for water pollution solutions in India is not by its imposition but in some regions enforcement of these rules are not that much strict in comparisons to others.
To get control and to impose these water pollution solutions literally in every places, government just have to again place the regulations and rules regarding it. Moreover some effective water pollution solutions in India involves the reduction in manures and chemical usages and promoting a bio-dynamic cultivation for farming purposes. Lesser deforestation and creating ponds to lower the level of flow which enters under the surface as underground water are also major water pollution solutions. In another possible solutions to water pollution is to lower the level of usage for chemicals and other pesticides for farming process. By utilizing lesser or stopping gradually the usage of fertilizers and such chemicals also can be considered as very effective water pollution solutions in India. Some other solutions to water pollution are like, re-establishment of wetlands and filtration of waste materials. Driving fewer vehicles also results as better water pollution solutions. Better sewage and reduction of other dumping waste materials in seas and oceans also acts as solutions to water pollution. Conservation of water and better techniques for the managing the storm water are also good water pollution solutions in India.
Changes for water pollution solutions in India not only can take place on the national level but, individuals can contribute a lot in it. Any single person can also help in solutions to water pollution. By purchasing green products like organic products and individual protections for usage of chemicals in our daily life can also results in better water pollution solutions. It is a duty of every citizen to properly place the garbage and dispose off it to a right place which can reduce the unwanted chemical flow in the atmosphere and also reduces the waste materials which are dumped in seas and oceans.





   A complete report Of Counter Measures For Water Pollution

India And Water Pollution..

            Environmental issues in India are many. Air pollution, water pollution, garbage pollution and wildlife natural habitat pollution challenge India. The situation was worse between 1947 through 1995. According to data collection and environment assessment studies of World Bank experts, between 1995 through 2010, India has made one of the fastest progress in the world, in addressing its environmental issues and improving its environmental quality.Still, India has a long way to go to reach environmental quality similar to those enjoyed in developed economies. Pollution remains a major challenge and opportunity for India.

Some believe economic development is leading to Water pollution in India. Others believe economic development is key to improving India's environmental management and preventing pollution in India.

Some suggest India's growing population is the primary cause of India's environmental degradation. Systematic studies challenge this theory. Empirical evidence from countries such as Japan, England and Singapore, each with population density similar or higher than India, yet each enjoying environmental quality vastly superior than India, suggests population density may not be the only factor affecting India's issues

Major environmental issues are forest and agricultural degradation of land, resource depletion (water, mineral, forest, sand, rocks etc.), environmental degradation, public health, loss ofbiodiversity, loss of resilience in ecosystems, livelihood security for the poor.

The major sources of pollution in India include the rampant burning of fuelwood and biomass such as dried waste from livestock as the primary source of energy,lack of organized garbage and waste removal services, lack of sewage treatment operations, lack of flood control and monsoon water drainage system, diversion of consumer waste into rivers, cremation practices near major rivers, government mandated protection of highly polluting old public transport, and continued operation by Indian government of government owned, high emission plants built between 1950 to 1980

India's water supply and sanitation issues are related to many environmental issues.

A 2007 study finds that discharge of untreated sewage is single most important cause for pollution of surface and ground water in India. There is a large gap between generation and treatment of domestic wastewater in India. The problem is not only that India lacks sufficient treatment capacity but also that the sewage treatment plants that exist do not operate and are not maintained. Majority of the government-owned sewage treatment plants remain closed most of the time due to improper design or poor maintenance or lack of reliable electricity supply to operate the plants, together with absentee employees and poor management. The wastewater generated in these areas normally percolates in the soil or evaporates. The uncollected wastes accumulate in the urban areas cause unhygienic conditions and release pollutants that leaches to surface and groundwater.

A 1992 World Health Organization study is claimed to have reported that out of India's 3,119 towns and cities, just 209 have partial sewage treatment facilities, and only 8 have full wastewater treatment facilities.Downstream, the untreated water is used for drinking, bathing, and washing. A 1995 report claimed 114 Indian cities were dumping untreated sewage and partially cremated bodies directly into the Ganges River. Open defecation is widespread even in urban areas of India. This situation is typical of India as well as other developing countries.

According to another 2005 report, sewage discharged from cities and towns is the predominant cause of water pollution in India. Investment is needed to bridge the gap between 29000 million litre per day of sewage India generates, and a treatment capacity of mere 6000 million litre per day.A large number of Indian rivers are severely polluted as a result of discharge of domestic sewage.

The Central Pollution Control Board, a Ministry of Environment & Forests Government of India entity, has established a National Water Quality Monitoring Network comprising 1429 monitoring stations in 27 states and 6 in Union Territories on various rivers and water bodies across the country. This effort monitors water quality year round. The monitoring network covers 293 rivers, 94 lakes, 9 tanks, 41 ponds, 8 creeks, 23 canals, 18 drains and 411 wells distributed across India. Water samples are routinely analyzed for 28 parameters including dissolved oxygen, bacteriological and other internationally established parameters for water quality. Additionally 9 trace metals parameters and 28 pesticide residues are analyzed. Biomonitoring is also carried out on specific locations.

The scientific analysis of water samples from 1995 to 2008 indicates that the organic and bacterial contamination are severe in water bodies of India. This is mainly due to discharge of domestic wastewater in untreated form, mostly from the urban centers of India.

In 2008, the water quality monitoring found almost all rivers with high levels of BOD. The worst pollution, in decreasing order, were found in river Markanda (590 mg O/l), followed by river Kali (364), river Amlakhadi (353), Yamuna canal (247), river Yamuna at Delhi (70) and river Betwa (58). For context, a water sample with a 5 day BOD between 1 and 2 mg O/L indicates a very clean water, 3 to 8 mg O/L indicates a moderately clean water, 8 to 20 indicates borderline water, and greater than 20 mg O/L indicates ecologically-unsafe polluted water.

The Mithi River, which flows through the city of Mumbai, is heavily polluted.

The levels of BOD are severe near the cities and major towns. In rural parts of India, the river BOD levels were sufficient to support aquatic life.

Yamuna-The most Polluted River

Total coliform and fecal coliform densities in the rivers of India range between 500 to 100,000 MPN/100 ml.The presence of coliform suggests that the water is being contaminated with the fecal material of humans, livestocks, pets and other animals. Rivers Yamuna, Ganga,Gomti, Ghaggar, Chambal, Mahi, Vardha are amongst the most coliform polluted water bodies in India. For context, coliform must be below 104 MPN/100 ml,preferably absent from water for it to be considered safe for general human use, and for irrigation where coliform may cause disease outbreak from contaminated-water in agriculture.

In 2006, 47 percent of water quality monitoring stations in India reported a total average annual coliform levels above 500 MPN/100 ml. During 2008, 33 percent of all water quality monitoring stations reported a total coliform levels exceeding those levels, suggesting recent effort to add pollution control infrastructure and upgrade treatment plants in India, may be reversing the water pollution trend.

Treatment of domestic sewage and subsequent utilization of treated sewage for irrigation can prevent pollution of water bodies, reduce the demand for fresh water in irrigation sector and become a resource for irrigation. Since 2005, Indian wastewater treatment plant market has been growing annually at the rate of 10 to 12 percent. The United States is the largest supplier of treatment equipment and supplies to India, with 40 percent market share of new installation. At this rate of expansion, and assuming the government of India continues on its path of reform, major investments in sewage treatment plants and electricity infrastructure development, India will nearly triple its water treatment capacity by 2015, and treatment capacity supply will match India's daily sewage water treatment requirements by about 2020.

How Water is Getting Polluted

       Water pollution can come from a number of different sources. If the pollution comes from a single source, such as an oil spill, it is called point-source pollution. If the pollution comes from many sources, it is called nonpoint-source pollution.

Most types of pollution affect the immediate area surrounding the source. Sometimes the pollution may affect the environment hundreds of miles away from the source, such as nuclear waste, this is called transboundary pollution.

Surface water Pollution

            Surface waters are the natural water resources of the Earth. They are found on the exterior of the Earth’s crust and include:

• Oceans
• Rivers
• Lakes

These waters can become polluted in a number of ways, and this is called surface water pollution.

Oxygen Depletion

                Microorganisms that live in water feed on biodegradable substances. When too much biodegradable material is added to water, the number of microorganisms increase and use up the available oxygen. This is called oxygen depletion.

When oxygen levels in the water are depleted, relatively harmless aerobic microorganisms die and anaerobic microorganisms begin to thrive. Some anaerobic microorganisms are harmful to people, animals and the environment, as they produce harmful toxins such as ammonia and sulfides.

Ground Water Pollution

      A lot of the Earth’s water is found underground in soil or under rock structures called aquifers. Humans often use aquifers as a means to obtain drinking water, and build wells to access it. When this water becomes polluted it is called groundwater pollution. Groundwater pollution is often caused by pesticide contamination from the soil, this can infect our drinking water and cause huge problems. 

Chemical Pollution

     

   Industrial and agricultural work involves the use of many different chemicals that can run-off into water and pollute it.

• Metals and solvents from industrial work can pollute rivers and lakes. These are poisonous to many forms of aquatic life and may slow their development, make them infertile or even result in death.
• Pesticides are used in farming to control weeds, insects and fungi. Run-offs of these pesticides can cause water pollution and poison aquatic life. Subsequently, birds, humans and other animals may be poisoned if they eat infected fish.
• Petroleum is another form of chemical pollutant that usually contaminates water through oil spills when a ship ruptures. Oil spills usually have only a localised affect on wildlife but can spread for miles. The oil can
  cause the death of many fish and stick to the feathers of seabirds causing them to lose the ability to fly.

Differernt forms of Pollutions And  thier causes can be Found in this useful Link:

water-pollution.org.uk/ 

Save Water Save Life

        Approximately 1.1 billion people in the world do not have access to clean water.. No matter how much food and health care is given to aid the poor in developing countries, it is simply a band-aid if they still drink contaminated water….The 1.8 million child deaths each year related to unclean water and poor sanitation dwarf the casualties associated with violent conflict.

Earlier seen as a problem of only the poorest, the water crisis is increasingly affecting the wealthier nations, economic riches being no insurance against it. For years, we have misused our most important resource – water.

In Antarctic sea, penguins will face extinction due to the water scarcity. Our natural beauty will be hampered due to depletion of water. We humans have a notion that all that is there in this world belongs to us and we have all the right to squander its natural resources, but what we think is ours, does belong to other species as well. So while we intelligently mess with the hydrological cycle and send eco-system into a tizzy, we ignorantly rob animals of their water and hence their lives.

One thing that people need to understand is that each one of us can help and save this country and the world. Each soul can make a difference, just like every drop in the ocean makes a difference. As Mother Teresa had said, “We ourselves feel that what we are doing is just a drop in the ocean. But the ocean would be less because of that missing drop.” If each of us recognise, realise and respect water as our most precious resource ever, we can mirror the ocean in all its forceful resilience. And we might just be able to placate the global water crisis, if not completely vanquish it. It shouldn’t be too late when we realise our mistake. Today, through the means of right technology and careful water usage, we can help combat water scarcity in near future.